The ICSE Lab Package for Class 9 and 10 by Labkafe is tailored to ICSE school science labs for classes 9 and 10, that seek a one stop solution to all equipment needs, while ensuring a hassle free, hands-on approach. The entire equipment inventory is designed and manufactured with the highest quality standards in mind. Here are the key reasons why this might be the best lab equipment package for you: 

• Includes all lab equipment, apparatus, and instruments as per the latest ICSE syllabus for classes 9 and 10.
• Complete package for conducting all ICSE experiments for classes 9 and 10.
• Customizable to suit different student volumes and class sizes.
• Onsite installation and demonstration included.
• Any damage during transit is fully covered.
• LK Secured- Covered under a one-year onsite warranty with technical support.
• Worldwide and fast shipping options available.
• GST receipt provided.
• Flexible payment options: pay online or on delivery.

Apparatus list for the ICSE Lab Package for Class 9 and 10

Have a look at the key apparatus you will need to get your ICSE class 9 and 10 science labs up and running. This is an itemized list that will give you an overview of the basic essentials that are a must-have for the ICSE school class 9 and 10 science labs:

Physics

• Beaker (Printed Graduation) 50 ml ‘POLYLAB’  1 Each
• HOT PLATE 8″ ROUND (Electric), With Energy Regulator 1 Each
• CONDENSER CLAMP, Made of casted alloy, Prongs cross over one another, with 8x175mm mild steel chrome plated rod. Holds up to 75mm Dia., 4 Finger Aluminium Condenser Clamp (Cork Lined) 1 Each
• CLAMP & BOSSHEAD, Dipress, (Universal Clamp) Holds up to 50mm Dia. 2 Each
• BEAKER Graduated, ‘B.G.’, 100ml 6 Each
• BEAKER Graduated, ‘B.G.’, 250ml 6 Each

Chemistry

• ATOMIC MODEL SET ‘POLYLAB’, (Junior) 75 Balls & 37 Connecting Lugs 1 Each
• MODELS FOR DISPLAY (In Acrylic Showcase), Orbit of Atom Model 1 Each
• MODELS FOR DISPLAY (In Acrylic Showcase), HydroCarbon Model (Set of 5) 1 Each
• WATCH GLASS Dia 3″ (Superior Quality Per Dozen) 1 Pkt
• ANALYTICAL BALANCE (Chemical Balance) Double Pan, Varanasi Make ‘Sunshine’,Superior Quality 1 Each
• ANALYTICAL WEIGHT BOX (Brass C.P.), Capacity 1 mg to 200 gms 1 Each
• Cobalt chloride test paper, 200 ls 1 Each
• Litmus blue indicator paper, 200 Is 1 Pkt
• Litmus red indicator paper, 200 Is 1 Pkt
• Starch iodide paper, 200 Is 1 Each
• Silver nitrate – 99.8%, 25 gm 1 Each
• Copper metal turnings – 99%, 100 gm 1 Each

Biology

• HUMAN SKELETON, Full size (Fibre), Superior Quality 1 Each
• HUMAN SKELETON STAND, (Metallic). 1 Each
• COMPOUND MICROSCOPE (STUDENT), Two eyepiece 10x, 15x & two objectives 10x, 40x, with fixed condenser, MICRON Make (KG-2) `ISI Marked’ (Thermocole Box) 4 Each
• HUMAN BRAIN, 4 Parts Dissectible (On Base) (Model) 1 Each
• HUMAN EYE, Eye Model on Stand 1 Each  
• Cobalt chloride test paper, 200 ls 1 Each
• Egg albumin flakes (Protein – 95%), 25 gm 1 Each
• Eosin yellow M.S. (Dye content – 88%) (Water soluble), 25 gm 1 Each
• Methyl violet M.S. (Dye content – 75%), 25 gm 1 Each

Each item has variations in calibration, range and capacity. This determines the number of students who can operate one instrument and the type and variations of the experiments that can be performed. 

Download the detailed apparatus list to see the variety of items offered under the ICSE Lab Package by Labkafe.

To customize the package so that it is suited exactly to your lab requirements, contact our lab experts today!

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Fill up this form to get in touch!

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ICSE Practical Syllabus for Class 9 and 10

This Lab Equipment Package is completely aligned to the official ICSE syllabus. To compare the list of items, download the complete ICSE practical syllabus for class 9 and 10. 

For any queries, feel free to contact our lab experts. We’re here for you!

The post ICSE Lab Package for Class 9 and 10: Complete Apparatus List appeared first on Labkafe Blog.

1.Clear your basics when preparing for a practical examination

Practical examinations might seem like a separate segment altogether, but they are deeply interconnected with the theoretical lessons taught in class. Theory helps students grasp the fundamental concepts, understand key principles, and then apply them practically. If students fail to understand the basics, it becomes very difficult to perform well in the practical exam. Therefore, focus on mastering the fundamentals during theoretical lessons. 

Don’t try to memorize concepts; instead, understand how things work and practice exercises thoroughly. This will help you handle practical exams with ease. Always remember that theory comes before practice—both are equally important, but one isn’t useful without the other. Use online resources when textbooks fall short, for bite-sized content that aids visualization.

2. Understanding experimental concepts during preparation

The next step after mastering basic theory is relating it to practical classes. Practical classes are held in separate modules for a reason: to ensure that students learn how to bridge the gap between theory and experiments. First, read everything in the lab manual carefully. If you have doubts, wait for the lessons to begin. A school or college practical lesson will not only demonstrate the experiment but also explain the material in the lab manual. 

By the end of the lesson, both the manual and the teacher’s explanations should be crystal clear. If you have any doubts, don’t hesitate to raise them during class. This will ensure your understanding of the experimental concepts is complete.

3. Perform the experiments yourself when preparing for a practical examination

When you are given the opportunity, make the most of it. Study the apparatus carefully, relate it to the manual as much as possible, and then to your instructor’s lessons. Follow the steps precisely and wait for accurate results. Always remember to follow all the precautions mentioned in the manual and by your teacher. If the experiment is performed correctly, you should obtain the expected result. 

Don’t worry if you don’t get it at first; ask your instructor. Mistakes can happen initially, and that’s how you learn. In fact, making mistakes early on teaches you what to be cautious about during the exam, so you don’t waste valuable time. If you perform experiments diligently and as instructed, you will develop the skill and confidence to perform them effectively in the exam laboratory.

4. The benefit of additional knowledge when preparing for a practical examination

Beyond the literature in your lab manual, your teacher will provide additional insights, and you might have doubts as well. Make sure to ask your teacher and note everything down in your notebook—you never know what information might be useful later. Your teacher’s insights may prove essential, especially during a Viva Voce. Ensure that you understand everything about the theoretical basics of the experiment. 

Look up extra information using reliable sources on the internet, like this YouTube channel from Labkafe. Follow bite-sized content, such as YouTube shorts, to quickly grasp concepts. Clear any knowledge gaps and research potential Viva questions. Record their answers in a notebook and revise them regularly to stay prepared for the exam. Additional information beyond the textbook is particularly useful for oral exams.

Nerves of steel will seal the deal

If you have followed the blueprint above, your chances of success will increase manifold. Remember to keep calm, rest assured that you have prepared your best and carry the essential items with you: your revision notebook and any lab safety gear you might need, like aprons. To purchase them, visit here.

During the exam, mishaps do occur, so follow precautions and be careful. Don’t lose your patience if your experimental results do not yield expected outcomes. Remember the range of values you obtained in each experiment during classes; this will help you understand the correctness of your results during the exam. 

If your experiment does not work in the exam, be sure to ask the examiner for assistance. Don’t worry if they seem strict; they will help you in times of distress. Be obedient and follow their instructions. Exams seldom require you to memorize the entire protocol, so even if you forget something, focus on the basics, and you will find a resolution.

Stay focused, prepare well, and ace your exams! All the best!

If you are looking forward to set-up or upgrade your Science Lab, contact us today!

The post How to prepare for a practical examination? appeared first on Labkafe Blog.

Basic Elements of the Modern Periodic Table Chart

The Modern Periodic Table has 18 vertical columns, called groups, and 7 horizontal rows, called periods. Each element in a group has the same number of valence (outer shell) electrons, resulting in similar chemical properties across the group. 

As we move down a group, the number of electron shells increases, while the number of valence electrons remains constant. In contrast, moving from left to right across a period increases the number of valence electrons by one, as the atomic number also increases by one unit.

In the third period of the Modern Periodic Table, for example, elements like Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, and Ar are organized based on the filling of electrons in the K, L, and M shells. The maximum number of electrons each shell can hold is calculated by the formula 2n², where “n” is the shell number from the nucleus.

For instance, the K shell holds 2 electrons (since 2 × 1² = 2), giving the first period 2 elements, while the L shell holds 8 electrons (2 × 2² = 8), giving the second period 8 elements. Although the M shell can hold up to 18 electrons (2 × 3² = 18), only 8 are filled in the third period due to the limitation on the outermost shell.

Trends Observed in the Modern Periodic Table Chart- Periodic Table Properties

Valency:

The valency of an element is based on the number of valence electrons in its outermost shell. Across a period, valency increases as the number of valence electrons increases from left to right and then decreases. In a group, valency remains the same because the number of valence electrons does not change.

Valency variation across a period. Source- CREST Olympiads

Valency constant down a group. Source- Chemistry LibreTexts

Atomic Size:

Atomic size, defined as the distance between the nucleus and the outermost shell, varies across the table. Moving left to right along a period, the atomic radius decreases due to an increase in nuclear charge, which pulls electrons closer to the nucleus, reducing atomic size. Down a group, however, atomic size increases because additional electron shells increase the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons, despite the increased nuclear charge.

Atomic radii across the periodic table. Source- surfguppy 

Metallic and Non-metallic Character:

Metals like Na and Mg are on the left side of the table, while non-metals like sulfur and chlorine are on the right. Metalloids, such as silicon, fall in the middle, exhibiting properties of both metals and non-metals. A zig-zag line on the table separates metals from non-metals. Elements like boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium lie along this line and are classified as metalloids due to their intermediate properties.

Reactivity:

As effective nuclear charge on valence electrons increases across a period, elements are less likely to lose electrons, reducing metallic character. Conversely, down a group, the distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus increases. This makes it easier to lose electrons thus enhancing metallic character. Non-metals, being electronegative, tend to gain electrons to form bonds. This trend places non-metals towards the top right of the Periodic Table.

Oxide Nature:

Predicting the nature of oxides is also possible from periodic trends. Generally, metallic oxides are basic, whereas non-metallic oxides are acidic, aligning with the positions of metals and non-metals on the table.

How to memorize the Periodic Table Chart?

The best way to memorize the periodic table chart is through visualization. Use interesting mnemonics to aid memorization or consider purchasing a model like this. Our experts will guide you every step of the way!

Download a FREE PDF of the PERIODIC TABLE!

Keep it on your table, and glance at it during your free time. The attractive colors and tactile sensation of the model will help you retain the names of elements easily.

LOOKING TO SET-UP A CHEMISTRY LAB? WE CAN HELP!

The post The Modern Periodic Chart – Periodic Table Trends and Properties appeared first on Labkafe Blog.

Science laboratory equipment includes instruments and apparatus used to demonstrate scientific principles, helping students understand theoretical concepts and connect them to real-life phenomena. This equipment also allows for the validation and verification of scientific ideas. Successful experimental results reinforce classroom theories, translating abstract concepts into practical, observable experiences.

In a controlled, hazard-free environment, students observe scientific principles at work under the guidance of instructors. Key fields that utilize laboratory equipment include physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics. 

Benefits of science laboratory equipment in schools

Translating theory into practice is crucial in all aspects of life. Just as people find evidence more convincing than mere assertions, students need educators to demonstrate scientific concepts for them to truly understand and believe in their lessons.

• When students work together on experiments, they develop teamwork skills that benefit them later in life. Practical experimentation also builds the dexterity needed to handle precise equipment and perform detailed research. This skill becomes critical in advanced study and research roles.
• School laboratories offer students their first experience with hands-on research. Validating scientific theories in this environment fosters respect and enthusiasm for the subject. This encouragement leads students to pursue research careers and, eventually, become scientists.
• Thus, investing in quality scientific equipment is essential for schools aiming to nurture future scientists. This investment also helps raise their reputation by producing notable alumni.
• Research and experimentation also instill curiosity and excitement for science. While theoretical lessons can become monotonous, hands-on lab classes provide a stimulating break, motivating students to learn. 
• Critical thinking and creativity are further developed in lab sessions, laying a foundation for independent thought that is essential in later scientific endeavors. School lab experiments may lack the rigor of professional research but are invaluable in building these skills.
• Memorization and retention of core concepts are essential for exam success and future application. Practical lessons aid visualization, helping students retain scientific principles for a lifetime.

Labkafe has been a leading provider in the school laboratory equipment industry, supplying top-quality lab apparatus that equips schools to foster successful, innovative students.

Science laboratory equipment required for schools

High-quality, up-to-date laboratory equipment is essential for effective school research and demonstration experiments. Without modern apparatus, students risk encountering faulty results or physical hazards. They also miss the chance to build the dexterity and skills needed for advanced labs later in their academic careers.

For students to meet national standards and feel confident in their abilities, Indian schools must invest in durable, advanced lab equipment. This investment encourages competitive skill development.

Here are essential laboratory items:

• Microscope: This tool focuses light on specimens and uses lenses to magnify objects such as bacteria, tissue sections, and minute plant structures.
• Test Tubes: Manufacturers make these tubes from heat-resistant glass, allowing them to withstand direct flames and enabling users to prepare and heat various chemicals.
• Beakers: Crafted from durable borosilicate glass, Griffin and Berzelius beakers store and heat larger liquid quantities.
• Bunsen Burner: A primary heat source provides a quick, adjustable flame of both oxidizing and non-oxidizing types, although users can also employ water baths.

The quality and durability of lab equipment are crucial, as reliable construction ensures both safety and longevity. Labkafe’s school lab packages offer high-quality lab apparatus tailored to meet educational needs. Connect with Labkafe’s lab experts for guidance on selecting the right equipment for your institution.

Essential precautions for school laboratories

Laboratories provide an exciting learning environment for students, but they must conduct experiments under proper supervision and implement safety measures.

• Lab authorities should establish clear rules detailing how and when students perform experiments. They must closely supervise these activities to ensure adherence and maintain discipline.
• Students should avoid frivolous activities, as well as eating or drinking in the lab.
• Students should handle chemicals carefully, following specific protocols for mixing and heating.
• Students must wear safety goggles, lab coats, and closed shoes, while they must restrict loose clothing, open hair, and sandals.
• Creating a trusting environment is essential, encouraging students to report any incidents without fear. 

Teachers play a key role by handling situations patiently, offering clear instructions during stressful or dangerous situations. Discipline should be enforced only for repeated offenses. Teachers’ calm and responsible behavior models how to handle challenges effectively. This approach helps students build both technical and interpersonal skills while learning in the lab.
At Labkafe, we provide a range of readymade lab equipment packages for schools and colleges. This reduces the effort of schools in figuring out which lab equipment is needed while building new school labs or renovating labs. Contact our lab experts for a free lab planning consultation.

The post Why should schools have science laboratory equipment? appeared first on Labkafe Blog.

The power of hydrogen, or pH (also called the potential of hydrogen), measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The formula for calculating the pH of a liquid is:

pH = -log [H⁺]

A higher pH indicates lower acidity and higher alkalinity in the solution. Conversely, a lower pH means higher acidity and lower alkalinity.

What is the effect of Power of Hydrogen pH on humans?

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution greatly affects humans. This concentration determines whether a substance is acidic or basic. But why should we care about the acidity of things? Highly acidic substances can harm our skin and internal organs if we come into contact with them. For example, battery acid is highly acidic and can cause severe damage upon contact.

Now, think about it: why does acidic stuff burn your skin?

Acids cause burns primarily due to their protons, or free H⁺ ions, which are loosely bound to an electronegative atom within the acid. Most acids consist of an electronegative atom bonded to a hydrogen ion or proton. These electronegative atoms tend to release the proton readily if it finds a lone electron pair to stabilize its positive charge. 

In this process, the electronegative atom bonds with a more positively charged entity that stabilizes it more effectively. Consequently, the acid donates the lone hydrogen ion to the nearest lone electron pair. This aligns with the Lowry-Bronsted definition of acids, which states that acids donate protons.

For this reaction to occur, a lone electron pair must be available. Acids donate H⁺ ions to obtain electrons, but how does this relate to the sensation of burning? Specifically, why do strong acids cause more severe burns?

Strong acids release their protons more easily, which increases their capacity to cause burns. Our bodies are made up of proteins, which fold into precise structures to function correctly. When these structures are disrupted, proteins lose their ability to function. When a strong acid comes in contact with skin, it donates protons to the proteins in the skin.

Protein unfolding

Proteins accept these protons due to the presence of carboxylate groups, which carry a negative charge. This negative charge participates in hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, which contribute to the stability of the protein’s structure. When the carboxylate group accepts a proton from the acid, it loses its negative charge, which disrupts the salt bridges and hydrogen bonds. As a result, the protein loses its secondary and tertiary structures and collapses, becoming unfolded.

The lone pair of electrons from the carboxylate group of the protein scavenges protons from the acid, causing the collapse of the protein’s secondary structure. This collapse disrupts the protein’s function, as the secondary structure is essential for its proper activity.

When this structural collapse occurs, the cells fill with nonfunctional proteins. We experience this process as a burn—acid protons alter enough proteins in the cells, causing them to clump into nonfunctional masses. This is the damage we see when tissue is burned by a strong acid.

How to measure acidity and basicity?

The mathematical value of power of hydrogen (pH) is determined by the formula:

pH = -log [H⁺]

But how do we measure hydrogen ion concentration in a solution? One way to do this is by using a pH meter, also known as a potentiometric pH meter. We will explore why it has this name shortly.

To measure pH, immerse the pH meter into the solution. The meter measures the pH directly and displays the result on a digital screen, showing the solution’s pH value. 

A higher pH or power of hydrogen indicates lower acidity and higher alkalinity in the solution. 

Conversely, a lower pH means higher acidity and lower alkalinity.

What is a pH meter?

A pH meter consists of two electrodes: a glass electrode and a reference electrode. Both electrodes have a silver wire coated with silver chloride. The silver metal in the electrode can lose electrons and become a positively charged silver ion (Ag⁺). This reaction is reversible, meaning the silver ion can also gain electrons and form metallic silver.

Another important reaction is the interaction between silver ions and chloride ions to form silver chloride (AgCl). The reference electrode is filled with saturated KCl, while the glass electrode contains 0.1M HCl.

The glass electrode has a thin glass bulb made of silica (SiO₂). The oxygen atoms bound to the silicon atoms on both the inner and outer surfaces of the glass are negatively charged. These negatively charged oxygen atoms attract positively charged hydrogen ions (H⁺). When bound by H⁺ ions, a hydrated gel layer forms on both sides of the glass bulb. The hydrogen ions cannot pass through the glass layer; they can only bind to the surface of the glass bulb.

The hydrated gel layer is about 10 nm thick, while the glass layer itself is approximately 0.1 mm thick. The glass electrode half-cell is connected to the reference electrode. The reference electrode has a porous ceramic plug, which allows the diffusion of ions and helps complete the circuit.

Source- Microbe Notes

How does a pH meter work?

Power of Hydrogen in Acidic solutions

When the solution is acidic and you immerse the pH meter in it, more H⁺ ions bind to the outer layer of the glass bulb. This causes the region outside the glass electrode to become more positively charged, while the inner layer, with fewer H⁺ ions, remains less positively charged.

The inner solution of the glass electrode contains HCl, which releases H⁺ ions. These ions help balance the charge across the glass bulb by neutralizing the charge from the binding of hydrogen ions in the outside solution. This process causes the concentration of H⁺ ions inside the glass electrode to decrease slightly. 

However, the total number of H⁺ ions inside the glass electrode remains constant. As the H⁺ concentration is constant, the pH also remains constant. But since the free H⁺ concentration decreases, the concentration of free Cl⁻ ions increases.

At the silver wire, silver atoms lose electrons and bind with chloride ions to form silver chloride (AgCl). The electrons freed from the silver atoms are present in the silver wire of the electrode. These electrons create an electric current, which generates a voltage in the silver wire. The device measures the change in potential of the glass electrode and silver wire against the reference electrode, which serves as a standard for the glass electrode’s potential. Visit this site for a video explanation. 

Power of Hydrogen in Alkaline solutions

In an alkaline solution, the concentration of H⁺ ions in the outer layer of the glass electrode is lower than the concentration inside the glass electrode. The outer region becomes less positively charged, while the inner layer, with more H⁺ ions, becomes more positively charged. To balance the net charge, H⁺ ions from the inner layer are released into the solution inside the glass electrode. This increases the concentration of free H⁺ ions in the glass electrode. To neutralize this excess of H⁺ ions, AgCl from the silver wire dissociates into silver and chloride ions. The chloride ions balance the extra hydrogen ions in the solution.

Now, excess Ag⁺ ions are present in the solution. These ions accept electrons from the electrode and gain electrons to become metallic silver, which then deposits onto the electrode. Since the glass electrode now gives electrons, it becomes positively charged, and the potential changes. This change in potential is measured in reference to the reference electrode.

In both acidic and alkaline solutions, the potential difference is a measure of the power of hydrogen or pH value. The device translates this value into a pH reading, which appears on the digital screen. The pH meter provides an accurate reading when properly calibrated. Visit this site for a video explanation. 

Water has a pH of roughly 7

Where to buy a pH meter?

We at Labkafe provide the best quality lab equipment, including pH meters calibrated for daily laboratory use. To ensure accurate readings, make sure that the probe of the pH meter does not touch any surfaces. Clean it with distilled water before and after using it in a new solution. Contact the experts at Labkafe today for a quote and to get a wide variety of lab equipment!

The post How to Teach the Power of Hydrogen (pH)? appeared first on Labkafe Blog.

What are modern STEM classrooms?

STEM education is a relatively recent phenomenon in the learning space, and it seeks to challenge and reinvent the current landscape of school education. Essentially, it aims to challenge archaic norms where the teacher assumes a central agency and offers conventional instruction through established learning aids such as theoretical lessons and lectures. 

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics—the “Big Four” of the world of education—have established themselves as one of the foremost career streams of the 21st century. However, owing to its interdisciplinary nature, it is essential for practitioners of this stream to have hands-on knowledge in addition to problem-solving abilities.

In order to excel beyond standard expectations of STEM education, students who display above-average intellect and merit can often receive augmented skills through STEM learning setups. The shift from rote learning and primary reliance on dry theoretical input towards an interdisciplinary, problem-solving, real-world orientation is essential to STEM learning. It’s a creative and innovative approach that is evident in the increasing adoption of STEM setups in modern classrooms across educational levels. Most importantly, modern STEM classrooms allow students to learn and apply their skills, maximising what they inculcate into their skillset.

In contrast to conventional classrooms, STEM classrooms need adaptable and mobile setups that allow students to collaboratively work on hands-on projects while applying theoretical knowledge. It allows them to learn the skill of working in cross-functional teams, thereby augmenting collaboration and building team spirit. It helps them adapt to teams while understanding the importance of individual contribution. Such collaborative skill sets are in high demand, especially in industry and professional settings. Thus, STEM learning allows schools to help students adopt hard skills as well as soft skills, making them ready to contribute in professional settings.

Importance of lab furniture in modern STEM classrooms

To enhance and support collaboration in STEM classrooms, it is essential to plan and arrange furniture effectively. When students discuss and perform tasks in and around the classroom, it is important for them to move freely, without too many constraints. For this, the furniture needs to be adaptable and flexible. Suppliers often provide the furniture as a block, which designers further segment into sections that students can rearrange freely. This design offers flexible solutions that can adjust according to students’ requirements.

Specialized furniture for STEM

Octagonal desks by Labkafe have applications in collaborative work, where multiple students can sit around the table facing each other. These desks remove spatial and logistical constraints often faced by students in a linear seating setup. Effective lab design can also greatly improve productivity. For example, teachers can set up temporary removable partitions and place or remove them as needed. Thus, they can segment or unite the room based on the task. Designers arrange gas, electricity, and wiring lines around the perimeter to minimize distractions and enhance mobility.

Lab furniture solutions can improve outputs in STEM classrooms because they can be designed and installed depending on the school’s and students’ needs. It can provide handy power outlets on the lab furniture itself, which is necessary as STEM classrooms require advanced electronic and digital devices like TVs and display boards, VR devices, scanners, and 3D printers. Labkafe provides 3D printers for a variety of learning applications. In addition, STEM learning requires additional miscellaneous items that need storage space.

Individual labelled storage bins or cabinets can help organise miscellaneous items so they are easily accessible, and students don’t have to search for items when working on projects. Labkafe offers excellent storage solutions with lab furniture suited for STEM classrooms. These allow users to store and use cumbersome appliances and equipment in a simple and ergonomic manner.

Best lab furniture solutions for optimum productivity

The best lab furniture solution for your classroom will depend on the specific requirements of your classroom projects. Basic building projects can be supported by glass or melamine worktops. However, chemical experiments might require acid-resistant, durable worktops that can withstand harsh substances. 

PVC is a highly resistant worktop and one of the best lab furniture solutions for STEM classrooms. It is used in higher education setups focusing on hydrofluoric acid applications. Labkafe offers a plethora of design and worktop solutions to choose from. We allow you to optimize the setup according to your needs.

Creative collaborative tables are essential for STEM setups. They can be adjusted and moved around, much like a puzzle. This enables you to rearrange setups on the workbench throughout the room. This allows students to bring together cross-functional teams by setting up workbenches in a way that suits them.
Labkafe offers a variety of PVC worktops that can withstand harsh chemicals and repeated cycles of cleaning and disinfection. We also provide a variety of lab furniture necessary for STEM classrooms. Our team of experts can tailor solutions uniquely for your STEM classroom as needed. Contact us today to set up the best lab furniture for your STEM classroom!

The post Best Lab Furniture Solutions for Modern STEM Classrooms appeared first on Labkafe Blog.

Essential lab safety enforcement in educational environments is crucial to prevent accidents and injuries. Proper conduct, discipline, and supervision promote accountability and are essential lab safety elements. Additionally, encouraging hazard reporting without fear fosters a culture of safety. Attending to equipment and maintaining clear exits ensure a secure atmosphere, enhancing both learning and the well-being of students and staff.

Even simple mistakes, like the slippage of glass apparatus, can spread shards into unexpected areas. Rushing during cleanup can lead to skin injuries, and minor contaminants handled carelessly may cause infections. A small piece of broken glass can lead to serious consequences, significantly highlighting the importance of preventive measures. Good quality equipment mitigates accidents, like the ones here from Labkafe.

Why is Essential Lab Safety Critical for Teachers and Students?

Both students and teachers play crucial roles in maintaining safety rules.

Responsibilities of Teachers in maintaining essential lab safety

Teachers should lead by example, therefore encouraging students to follow safety rules by being vigilant about hazards and taking appropriate precautions. They must create a supportive atmosphere where students feel comfortable reporting incidents. This proactive approach helps prevent serious accidents.

Laboratory equipment must undergo regular inspections and maintenance. Teachers and administrators must ensure proper documentation for reference when issues arise. You must install essential safety equipment, such as eyewash stations, safety showers, fire extinguishers, and fire blankets. Conducting mock drills reinforces safety practices and procedures.

If safety equipment malfunctions, teachers must promptly address repairs to prevent accidents. Teachers are the final line of protection for students, making their role in maintaining discipline and safety critical. Coordination is key, especially in crowded labs or when sharing equipment.

In emergencies, all personnel must know the locations of power, gas, and supply cut-off lines. You should establish evacuation plans and conduct regular drills to minimize uncertainty during emergencies. Additionally, you must keep first aid ready at all times. It is useful in situations where immediate respite is unavailable, such as cuts and scrapes, that might deteriorate into full blown infections in the absence of first aid. 

Responsibilities of Students in maintaining essential lab safety

Students must immediately report all accidents, injuries, or equipment breakage to the instructor. Labs should support students who own up to mistakes rather than hide them.

Long hair must be tied back to prevent fire hazards, and laboratory aprons should be worn, securing loose garments to avoid contact with fire or chemicals. Aprons help protect workers from accidental chemical spillage and fire hazards. Additionally, safety manuals and protocols must be followed and contact with chemicals must be avoided to protect the eyes and mouth. Goggles and gloves should be worn when required. Reckless behavior and consuming food or drinks in the lab are prohibited.

Common Essential Lab Safety Mistakes to Avoid

Labs often work with dangerous equipment, high-temperature substances, and toxic chemicals. Safety must be prioritized over cost to prevent harm. This requires commitment to proper use and maintenance of safety equipment, such as goggles and gloves, depending on the hazard.

Complacency can endanger personnel and compromise research integrity. Contaminated substrates can lead to invalid results, and improper disposal of hazardous waste may cause environmental damage. Comprehensive emergency training is essential to protect personnel during contingencies.

Conclusion

Three key takeaways from this discussion on essential lab safety:

• Safety requires financial and disciplinary commitment.
• Investing in safety equipment and training is essential for mitigating hazards.
• Lab safety involves protecting fellow lab mates and the environment, ensuring ethical and responsible research.

Eyewash station (source- heavy.com)

Emergency shower (source- antigua.desertcart.com)

Safety goggles (source-medimart.com)

Labkafe supports the research community by providing essential safety equipment including eyewash stations, safety goggles, and emergency shower stations to handle chemical spills. Reach out to our lab experts today!

The post Essential Lab Safety: What Not to Do in a Science Lab appeared first on Labkafe Blog.

Fields Requiring Composite Skill Lab in Enhancing Learning

1. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)

Why Do They Need It?

The rapid advancements in STEM fields demand that students not only understand theoretical concepts but also engage in practical, hands-on learning. Therefore, Composite Skill Labs equipped with robotics kits, coding software, 3D printers, and electronic tools which provide students with the opportunity to bring their classroom lessons to life are a must.

Benefits

Students can build and program robots, design 3D models, and experiment with circuits, thereby developing critical thinking, problem-solving, and innovative skills.

Composite skill lab (creative visualization)

2. Arts and Design

Why They Need It

The role of a skill lab in enhancing learning is undeniable. Creativity is as important as technical knowledge in today’s world. Arts and Design fields such as graphic design, photography, music production, and filmmaking thrive in environments where students have access to the right tools and technologies.

Benefits

Composite Skill Labs enable students to explore their artistic talents and technical skills simultaneously, working on projects like digital art, filmmaking, and music composition, thus preparing them for careers in creative industries.

3. Vocational Skill Lab in Enhancing Learning

Why They Need It

The importance of vocational training in carpentry, plumbing, electrical wiring, and similar trades cannot be overstated, especially for students aiming for careers in these areas. 

Benefits

Composite Skill Labs provide the perfect setting for hands-on learning in these fields, therefore allowing students to practice and perfect their skills in a safe and controlled environment, which is crucial for their future job readiness.

4. Entrepreneurship

Why They Need It

Entrepreneurship education requires a unique environment where students can brainstorm, prototype, and develop business ideas. 

Benefits

In a Composite Skill Lab, students can access mentorship, market research tools, and collaborative spaces that are essential for nurturing entrepreneurial skills. Hence, activities like developing business plans, creating prototypes, and pitching ideas help in building a strong foundation for future business leaders.

5. Skill Labs Enhancing Learning in Health and Wellness

Why They Need It

Understanding health and wellness is vital for students, both personally and professionally. Whether it’s learning about nutrition, fitness, or mental health, practical experience in these areas is invaluable.

Benefits

Composite Skill Labs can be used to teach students how to prepare healthy meals, design fitness programs, and practice mindfulness. Therefore, labs also offer training in first aid, which is a crucial life skill.

6. Environmental Science and Sustainability

Why They Need It

As the world grapples with environmental challenges, educating students about sustainability is more important than ever. 

Benefits

The Composite Skill Lab is enhancing learning by equipping students with the tools to conduct experiments and projects related to ecology, renewable energy, and conservation, therefore making them aware of tools needed in environmental science research. In summary, this hands-on approach encourages students to become proactive in finding solutions to environmental problems.

7. Digital Literacy and Media Skill Labs

Why They Need It

In the digital age, media literacy and the ability to navigate the online world are essential skills. Therefore, students must learn how to create and share digital content responsibly and effectively.

Benefits

Composite Skill Labs, focused on digital literacy and media, provides resources for students to produce podcasts, create websites, in addition to engagement in safe online communication. These skills are critical in preparing students for the digital workforce in addition to inculcating responsible online behavior.

School lab constructed by Labkafe

In essence, the introduction of Composite Skill Labs marks a significant step forward in the educational journey of CBSE schools, one that promises to equip students with the skills and knowledge necessary for success in the 21st century.
Contact Labkafe’s team of experts for a free lab consultation for your schools.

The post How are Composite Skill Labs Enhancing Learning Across Multiple Disciplines? appeared first on Labkafe Blog.

What is a Wash Bottle

A wash bottle is basically a squeeze bottle with a long bent beak, seen mostly in chemistry and biology laboratories. They are generally made of semi-soft plastic that gives away when pushed. This pressure on the bottle squeezes it and enforces the same amount of pressure on the liquid inside. The liquid then comes out speedily through the long thin nozzle.

Wash bottles are built for one main purpose ‒ to wash lab glassware. Beakers, test tubes, flasks etc. are often hard to wash in the sink due to their shape and size. Also, the sink supplies just tepid water, not any specialized washing liquid like distilled water or ethyl alcohol. You have to use a wash bottle in a laboratory for cases like this.

Physical Description

Wash bottles are generally cylindrical, with a screw-top head and a pipe inserted into the cap. The pipe is generally curved ninety degrees and has a very narrow nozzle on the tip. The pipe may or may not extend into the interior of the bottle, almost to the bottom. If it is so, then you can use the wash bottle while holding it upright. If not, you will need to tilt or overturn the bottle to get the liquid out.

Generally, wash bottles are made of polyethylene, which is a flexible material that does not react with most chemicals, least of all, solvents. Since the purpose of wash bottles is to squirt a strong solvent onto any chemical dirt or residue remaining in the glassware, this material is eminently good to store and use such solvents. 

Wash Bottle Types

There are mainly three kinds of wash bottles you will find in most labs. These are:

• Standard Wash Bottle: These are the most common types of wash bottles and they are built as described above. The pipes in these bottles reach the bottom. 
• LDPE Wash Bottles: These are transparent and thin, and have a long, soft nozzle that can snake into pipe-like glassware , like burettes. 
• Self-venting Wash Bottles: Instead of a pipe through the bottle cap, these have short stubby pipes on the side of them. You don’t need to press them to drop the liquid, you just tilt the bottle. Hence, you can carefully control the flow of the solvent as well.

Apart from the above, wash bottles are available in various sizes, from 100-125 ml to 1000 ml volumes.

Wash Bottle Solvents

Examples of solvents used in wash bottles: deionized water, detergent solutions, rinse solvents such as acetone, isopropanol or ethanol, or sodium hypochlorite solution in the case of biology labs. That is because bioscience labs often deal with things like lipids and gram-negative bacteria etc, which aren’t much responsive to most solvents other than sodium hypochlorite.

Wash Bottle Color Codes

Since the same laboratory may use multiple types of solvents for washing glassware and plasticware, ready-made wash bottles come with coded colors on their bottle caps. This coding scheme is standardized more or less around the world. The color code is as follows.

• Red ‒ acetone
• White ‒ ethanol / sodium hypochlorite (they are almost never used in the same lab)
• Green ‒ methanol
• Yellow ‒ isopropanol
• Blue ‒ distilled water

In labs where different types of solvents are not used in wash bottles, you can keep only distilled water in white-capped wash bottles, according to this convention. You can use this color coding to identify the kind of washing liquid present in the bottle. It reduces the chance of mistakes.

In wash bottles with solvents other than water, you will also see color-coded safety labels. Since most of those solvents listed above are highly flammable and/or poisonous, you should be extremely careful while using them. Never squirt liquid on a hot surface, try your best to not touch the liquid with bare skin ‒ and for crying out loud don’t try to drink it! Yes, even though it is just distilled water. These are the precautions to take while using wash bottles.

Labkafe supplies schools, colleges, and research institutions with various kinds of wash bottles ‒ mainly of Tarsons and Polylab brands. We have both color-marked and unmarked variations of wash bottles. They are very durable and dependable, and you can use them in your chemistry and biology labs easily. You are bound to get some kind of wash bottles in our lab packages , do check out the lab equipment list to make sure you have what you need.

The post What is a wash bottle | Laboratory wash bottles | Squeeze bottles | Labkafe appeared first on Labkafe Blog.

We have already discussed why water is the best solvent all-around in a previous blog article; but what about the things that get dissolved in water? There are sugar and salts and various other stuff that get dissolved in water, but salts have the best solubility in water. Now, why should that be?

In chemistry labs you may have noticed that various chemical salts get dissolved in water so easily; you just have to shake the test tube with the salt and water to make an original solution . But at home, you may have seen that you have to work the sugar with a spoon a lot; even in hot water. Normal table salt gets dissolved much faster, doesn’t it?

There is a very good reason for that. But we have to delve deep into the matter of solubility to understand it.

The definition of solubility tells us that the solubility of a given substance is max how much of it can make a clear, transparent solution with a given solvent at a given temperature. Taking water as the solvent (it is, in most cases), we can see that inorganic salts are more soluble than anything else. The reason for that lies in the manner of how things get dissolved. 

There are two ways something can be dissolved in water, which depends upon the kind of compound it is. As you may know, there are two kinds of chemical bonds that form compounds: (a) Covalent bonds and (b) ionic bonds. Most inorganic salts are formed by ionic bonds and most other stuff are covalent compounds.

Water itself is a covalent compound. That means, each hydrogen atom in H2O shares an electron with the oxygen atom, which shares two of its own with the hydrogens. Similar stuff happens with other covalent compounds and they form generally very stable molecules. 

When a covalent solid compound like sugar touches water, there is no chemical interaction. There are a bunch of sugar molecules huddled together at one side, and touching them are a bunch of water molecules held much loosely together. The water molecules simply seep inside the gaps between the sugar molecules. The process is entirely physical and there are no chemical reactions or interactions going on here. This phenomenon can be quite slow, considering how well the covalent compound is held together.

What happens with ionic compounds ‒ is much more dramatic!

To begin with, there is no such thing as a molecule of an ionic compound. Surprised? Don’t be. The very nature of the ionic bond is that there is no actual bond between two ions ‒ they are just strongly attracted to each other. But unlike covalent compounds, there is no actual binding contract here. 

For this reason, ionic compounds form lattices and crystals much better than other compounds. Take common table salt for example ‒ Sodium chloride. Each Na+ ion had sacrificed an electron to become positively charged; each Cl- ion stole an electron from somewhere and got negatively charged. Opposites attract; and so all Na cations and Cl anions in the vicinity rush together and form a kind of structure where every sodium atom is surrounded by six chlorines and vice-versa. There is no single “NaCl” floating around as we may imagine. They are a joint family or nothing.

This is a pretty strong structure as solid things go. There are few things in the world that may entice a sodium or a chloride ion to leave the group and do something, unless the thing itself is much more charged than them. Like some strong reagent.

We’ll let you in on a little secret. Water is such a charged thing.

How can that be, you must be asking. Wasn’t water supposed to be a covalent compound? How can it be charged? Water molecules exist, don’t they?

Well, let us explain. There is one special thing about water, that makes it such a curious chemical. The oxygen atom in every dihydrogen oxide (water) molecule is a greedy person and attracts all the electrons around it towards itself; even those in the covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms are pulled closer to the oxygen atom.

Naturally, with all the electrons crowding together around the oxygen atom, that side of the molecule becomes somewhat negatively charged. Whereas the hydrogen sides get positively charged in contrast. This makes water a ‘polarized’ compound ‒ one of the very few.

This is the very property of water that makes it so efficient at pulling apart most ionic compounds. Let’s consider our example again. When the sodium chloride structure comes in contact with polarized water, a silent mayhem begins.

The positive side of the water molecules latches onto the negatively charged chloride ions, and the negative oxide side sticks to the positive sodium ions. This by itself isn’t enough to break the attraction bond between Na and Cl. 

But there are so many water molecules crowding around each of those ions! Like a colony of ants killing a spider, lots of water molecules crowd around each atom, each contributing its own little force. At one point, the combined strength of the water molecules becomes greater than the force between the Na and Cl ions. Like ants pulling apart a dead cockroach, they are mercilessly torn apart.

Each anion and cation of a salt falling into water float around, packed within a bunch of water molecules latched onto them by small electrical charges. Effectively separated, the salt gets quickly spread all around the water body, dissolving better than anything else.

Almost all chemical inorganic salts available in the salt analysis practical of class 10-12 behave like this; that’s why these salts are so easily soluble in water. Of course, there are a few exceptions. Here is a table of common salt solubility for your convenience.

In the table above, the cations are arranged horizontally and the anions are arranged vertically. Thereby, you can combine the ions column-by-row and see clearly which salts will be soluble in water, which salts are insoluble in water (but they can be if encouraged by adding a little conc. HCl), and which are slightly soluble in water (meaning you will have to heat the water). 

As you can see, the board is mostly green across lighter molecules. This lets you predict which types of salts will be more soluble in water and which will be less. 

You can follow these rules of thumb to remember which salts will be soluble in water:

• All nitrates are soluble.
• All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble, except carbonates.
• If it’s a silver or lead salt, chances are it won’t be soluble.

These rules of thumb will let you make your way easier through the chemistry laboratory. Labkafe supplies most of those salts (soluble and insoluble) as part of the lab consumable package; but you can also buy them separately. 

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